Web mapping services

The GIS /Mapping services specializes in Graphical Information Systems (GIS), and has produced several interactive online maps (and printed maps) for public use.Today, a variety of Web mapping services exist, each of them providing a similar interface to extensive mapping and other GIS data.Compare various web map services and service providers http://www.sblgis.com/web-mapping-services.aspx
,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_map_services .

What is orthophoto generation and orthophotography?

An Orthophoto or orthophotograph is an aerial photograph geometrically corrected ("also known as ortho rectified , can be done by service providers ie Orthophoto rectification service"). Unlike an uncorrected aerial photograph, an orthophotograph can be used to measure true distances, because it is an accurate representation of the earth's surface, having been adjusted for topographic relief lens distortion, and camera tilt.The concept of geo-rectification services/georectification services comes under Orthophoto rectification service.
Orthophotographs are commonly used in the creation of a(GIS) Geographic Information System and is useful in GIS mapping services. Software can display the orthophoto and allow an operator to digitize or place linework, text annotations or geographic symbols (such as hospitals, schools, and fire stations). Some software can process the orthophoto and produce the linework automatically.

An orthophoto is an aerial photograph planimetrically corrected, thus an orthophoto is generated Orthophotographs have the positive attributes of a photograph such as detail and timely coverage, and the positive attributes of a map including uniform scale and true geometry. This enables orthophotographs to be used in their primary role as a backdrop on which map features can be overlaid. Orthophotos represent the primary use of remote sensing
imagery.

Orthophotos are now created by scanning aerial photographs and converting them into a raster image file format. A digital terrain model is added as a means of collecting ground points to indicate the changes in elevation. When control points are identified on the aerial photos, stereo models are developed and geometric distortions are estimated. The image is rectified and georeferened using mathematical models of photogrammetry to remove tilt, terrain, atmospheric and other digital image distortions.
Multiple photographs can be analyzed, corrected, and mosaicked / mosaicing all at once by a process called “bundle adjustment”, in which interrelated sets of equations are used to find a globally optimal set of corrections across all photographs. If a photo is black and white, each pixel is assigned a single numerical value corresponding to its light intensity. Color orthophotos are handled in an analogous way by transforming a vector of light intensities for different color bands into a single number. After the model has been scanned, the film is then developed as a negative orthophotograph, and it would usually be brought to the required scale by appropriate scaling or setting of the stereomodel and can be enlarged or reduced by the user if the scaling has not been adjusted after being scanned.

Reference : Wikipedia

Common uses of DEMs

Extracting terrain parameters,Modeling water flow or mass movement (for example avalanches and landslides),Creation of relief maps,Rendering of 3D visualizations,3d flight planning,Creation of physical models (including raised-relief maps),Rectification of aerial photography or satellite imagery, Reduction (terrain correction) of gravity measurements (gravimetry, physical geodesy), Terrain analyses in geomorphology and physical geography, geographic information system(GIS), Engineering and infrastructure design, Global positioning systems (GPS), Line-of-sight analysis, Base mapping, Flight simulation, Precision farming and forestry, surface analysis, Intelligent transportation systems (ITS).

Reference: Wikipedia

Remote sensing and photogrammetry Applications

Does anyone knows the inventor of LiDAR ?
LiDAR discovered by hendy in 1976.Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is well known in the examples of weapon ranging, laser illuminated homing of projectiles.Lidar services is used to detect and measure the concentration of various chemicals in the atmosphere, while airborne LIDAR can be used to measure heights of objects and features on the ground more accurately than with radar technology. Vegetation remote sensing is a principle application of LIDAR.

What is aerial triangulation and aerial photogrammetry?

Aerial photogrammetry is a technique for creating two dimensional 2D or 3D models from aerial photographs, which are pictures of the Earth from a high point, usually an airplane. Aerial photogrammetry usually requires photographs of two or more angles of the same area in order to map the image, and it may or may not involve computer software. These photographs are then turned into the models by cartographers.
The Aerial photogrammetry services is used to create topographical maps. These maps may be either 2D or, more recently, 3D computer models of terrain. The resulting maps and models may be useful in analyzing both small and large geographical areas. These maps may be used as a basis for, or in conjunction with, GIS data.Also Aerial Triangulation is the calculation of true ground co-ordinates, used as the base reference in photogrammetry.

Digital Elevation/ Digital Terrain Model Tips (DEM/DTM)

Digital elevation are frequently obtained by remote sensing rather than direct survey. These can be prepared in a number of ways,but one of the powerful technique for generating digital elevation model is interferometric synthetic aperture radar: two passes of a radar satellite (such as RADARSAT-1), or a single pass if the satellite is equipped with two antennas (like the SRTM instrumentation), suffice to generate a digital elevation map tens of kilometers on a side with a resolution of around ten meters.
A digital elevation model (DEM) or digital elevation modeling is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain, thus also widely known as a digital terrain model (DTM) or digital terrain modeling. A DEM can be represented as a raster , a grid of squares or as a triangular irregular network. digital elevation models are commonly built using remote sensing techniques, but they may also be built from land surveying. DEMs are used often in GIS, and are the most common basis for digitally-produced relief maps. DTM DEM generation is commonly used in remote sensing gis.

GIS Application development and software development

In GIS Application development and software development first of all we create spatial information systems to accelerate client businesses forward and offers Map Customization, GIS Application customization, Custom Tool Development, Application Migration, Web GIS, mobile mapping applications
etc . Now GIS mapping companies are there for GIS software development, GIS web Applications development.

Geographic information systems (GIS) (also known as Geospatial information systems) are computer software and hardware systems that enable users to capture, store, analyse and manage spatialially referenced data etc.